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Benzaldehyde

CAS number 100-52-7              

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

BENZALDEHYDE
EINECS NO. 202-860-4
FORMULA C6H5CHO
MOL WT. 106.12

H.S. CODE 2912.21

TOXICITY

Oral rat LD50: 1300 mg/kg
SYNONYMS Benzenecarboxaldehyde; Benzoic aldehyde;
Artificial Almond Oil; Benzenecarbonal; Phenylmethanal; Almond artificial essential oil; Phenylmethanal benzenecarboxaldehyde; Benzadehyde; Benzene carbaldehyde; Phenylmethanal;

DERIVATION CLASSIFICATION

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE
Colourless to yellow liquid with bitter almonds odor
MELTING POINT -26 C
BOILING POINT 179 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.044
SOLUBILITY IN WATER
Soluble pH
VAPOR DENSITY
AUTOIGNITION 192 C
NFPA RATINGS Health: 2 Flammability: 2 Reactivity: 0

REFRACTIVE INDEX
1.5450
FLASH POINT
64 C
STABILITY Stable under ordinary conditions

GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS

Benzaldehyde(also called Benzenecarbonal) is the simplest representative of the aromatic aldehydes. It is a colorless liquid aldehyde with a characteristic almond odor. It boils at 180°C, is soluble in ethanol, but is insoluble in water.

Benzaldehyde is formed by partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol and readily oxidized to benzoic acid and is converted to addition products by hydrocyanic acid or sodium bisulfite. It is also prepared by oxidation of toluene or benzyl chloride or by treating benzal chloride with an alkali, e.g., sodium hydroxide. It is used chiefly in the synthesis of other organic compounds, ranging from pharmaceuticals to plastic additives and benzaldehyde is an important intermediate for the processing of perfume and flavouring compounds and in the preparation of certain aniline dyes .

 It is the first step in the synthesis for fragrances. It undergoes simultaneous oxidation and reduction with alcoholic potassium hydroxide, giving potassium benzoate and benzyl alcohol.

It is converted to benzoin with alcoholic potassium cyanide, with anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride, giving cinnamic acid. Compounds which do not have alpha-hydrogen atoms cannot form an enolate ion and do not undergo electrophilic alpha-substitution and aldol condensation.

Aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and formaldehyde may undergo disproportionation in concentrated alkali (Cannizaro's reaction); one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to the corresponding alcohol and another molecule is simultaneously oxidized to the salt of a carboxylic acid. The speed of the reaction depends on the substituents in the aromatic ring. Two different types of aldehydes (aromatic and aliphatic) can undergo crossing reaction to form fomaldehyde and aromatic alcohols.
SALES SPECIFICATION

APPEARANCE
Clear to yellow liquid
ASSAY 99.0% min
TOLUENE 0.1% max
CHLORINE 20ppm max
ACIDITY 0.5% max (as Benzoic Acid)
BOILING POINT 177-182 C
RELATIVE DENSITY 1.041 - 1.043 at 20 C

Stability

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, reducing agents, steam. Air, light and moisture-sensitive.

Toxicity data
(The meaning of any abbreviations which appear in this section is given here.)
ORL-RAT LD50 1300 mg kg-1
SCU-RAT LDLO 5000 mg kg-1
SCU-RBT LD50 5000 mg kg-1
ORL-GPG LD50 1000 mg kg-1

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